cuban missile crisis :: essays papers

cuban missile crisis "Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread ... and we weren't counting days or hours, but minutes."Soviet General and Army Chief of Operations, Anatoly Gribkov The closest the World has ever been to nuclear war was with The Cuban Missile Crisis. The lives of millions lay in the ability of President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev to reach an agreement. The crisis began when the United States discovered that just ninety miles from the coast of Florida, the Soviet Union had set up nuclear missiles. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missile installations to the public and his decision of the naval quarantine around the island. He also announced that any nuclear missile launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the United States by the Soviet Union and demanded that the Soviets remove all of the missiles from Cuba. For thirteen days the two major superpowers of the world were on the verge of a nuclear war. The events leading up to the missile crisis as explained by Dinerstein were the long years of Cold War hostility and the revolutions occurring in countries of Latin America. The Soviet Union’s fear of losing the race in the weapons department and Cuba’s fear of an invasion by the United States sparked those thirteen stress filled days. In 1960 the United States imposed an embargo that cut off trade between the United States and Cuba because it was afraid that Castro would establish a Communist regime. Castro was determined not to give in to the pressure that was put on by the United States and decided to establish closer relations with the Soviet Union. An attempt was made by the United States to disintegrate Castro’s rule with the Bay of Pigs Invasion. The United States was easily defeated by Castro’s army. His victory during the Bay of Pigs Invasion asserted Castro's rule over Cuba. Most Cubans resented the intervention by the United States in Cu ban affairs. This resentment caused Castro’s supporters to increase in large numbers. With a confirmed rule over Cuba, Castro declared the island a Communist nation. Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev made the wrong assumption by thinking that the United States would not take any action when it supplied Cuba with nuclear war heads.

Psychology, Theology, and Sprituality in Christian Counseling Essay

In his conceptual book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (1996), McMinn presents a convincing presentation of a multitasking counselor who has developed a niche in the counseling world. New age Christian counselors have developed simultaneous skills that embark on the areas of psychology, theology, and spirituality. This begins our journey down the path of understanding how values and perspectives can be changed as a result of a well rounded, multitasking Christian counselor. With life illustrations and brief counseling scenarios throughout this book, McMinn (1996) provides the reader with an excellent working model of identifying and relating life experiences to Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality. The opposition of modern psychology and theology practices is delivering different contemporary messages concerning mental health. Psychologist Albert Ellis wrote, â€Å"The emotionally healthy individual should primarily be true to himself and not masochistically sacrifice himself for others.† Versus Christian spirituality that identifies and states in scripture that as individuals we are instructed to look out for the interest of others (Phil. 2:4) and to prefer one another in honor (Rom 12:10) (McMinn, 1996). As McMinn works through the concepts of integrating these three distinct disciplines, Christian counseling becomes more complex and multifaceted. Christian counselors set their eyes upon God with an individual’s spiritual growth and mental health in their mind. In addition to placing the pieces of a battered mental health condition focus to the forefront, their client’s eternity of life and knowledge of God is an important piece of the puzzle. A more detailed perspective of psychological and spiritual health, allows every individual to recognize their responsibility to God, to their family and friends and to themselves. As humans, we must understand and have a healthy awareness of brokenness to allow ourselves to experience grace and hope in the midst of our walk on this earth through life’s trials and tribulations with Jesus Christ. Integrating psychology, theology, and spirituality in addition to the niche of multitasking, all three disciplines in unison takes time, energy, loyalty, and dedication of the counseling profession. In the last two thirds of this book, McMinn uses prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption to show us a glimpse of the counseling world. The problem with sin is that it separates us from God; the wonder of redemption is that individuals are brought back into relationship with God. (McMinn, 1996, p. 265). A redemptive Christian counselor has humility and compassion and experiences God’s grace with gratitude. Scripture yanks people out of the grips of sin as a redemptive God shines through. Those who deny sin see no need for spiritual redemption. Confession, allows us to acknowledge our sin and our desperate need for help and through the grace of God we receive forgiveness and experience redemption. Once our affections turn to God, our prayer will never be the same. Our lives will be completed changed and everlasting. â€Å"Bless the Lord, O my Soul, and do not forget all his benefits-who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, who redeems your life from the pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy, who satisfies you with good as long as you live so that your youth is renewed like the e agle’s†(Ps. 103:2-5). Response Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.† As I had struggled throughout my chaotic childhood dealing with the presence of alcohol, drugs, fighting, and uncertain living conditions in my circle of life, I developed the ability to discern which people were right for me in my life. My perception of family was skewed. At the age of 7, I lost my grandfather and life’s losses of my protectors continued until 2004 with the death of my first husband Dale. My life was over. My family was a mess. I had just started a new church and I wasn’t sure where God was in my life. My father in law, who preached my husband’s funeral, started providing Christian guidance and support as a lay counselor. We prayed and shared scripture together. At the age of 33, I learned the true meaning of prayer. I knew how to pray and I knew how humbled I had been in my prayers for Dale. In the kindness of his God filled heart, he taught me that humility allows us to see God’s word. As I study and read my Bible, I continue to learn the importance of a Christian family for support and guidance and the necessity to share the story of Jesus Christ. My father in law stepped out in faith to help turn my life around. Through his obedience, I work to help others who are hurting find the power of prayer and scripture in their times of heartache. Reflection As I read through Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (McMinn, 1996), a highlighter was used to mark special passages I needed to keep in the forefront of this class. There are so many key notes to remember in the text, the book was turning a nice shade of yellow. Anyone who is starting out in the counseling field should be required to read this book. McMinn does an excellent job of showing the reader how to integrate our Christian faith and spirituality into the secular world with real life reflections. Christian counselors want to follow the will of God and McMinn provides the examples, guidance, and techniques on how to incorporate God into the counseling session. The major drawback with this work concerns the conclusion. Throughout the reading, it is apparent McMinn is preparing the counselor to learn the skill of multi-tasking. In two pages, McMinn summarizes the whole book. The most important part of integrating the three diverse areas of studies is profound enough for him to provide a greater level of detail to the new counselor concerning the background of multitasking. Success lies in the strategy that is used in multitasking these three distinct practices and beliefs. In dealing with the secular world, this skill is a necessity to bring all three disciplines together. Action I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves. â€Å"Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues. On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say; for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. (Matthew 10:16-20). God has given me back tenfold since the loss of my first husband. I have established myself as a praying respiratory therapist at UVA. As Jesus calls me into the counseling field, he is preparing me for the secular world. In my environment, people are at the lowest points of their lives. I use Gods calling on my heart and spirit to reach out in Christian love to these individuals and families. God places pastors, judges, professional basketball players, the rich, the homeless, the curable, the dying, in my path for a reason and a purpose. Life is simple when you are obedient. Go where God calls you. The people I come into contact with are not by accident. I minister to their hearts through their illness and time of need. I pray for God to give me the strength and the right words of his will to deliver to the sick and their families. I pray for each individual that crosses my path to find the love of Jesus Christ and meet him in heaven to spend an everlasting life with our father.

The Importance Of Moral Decision Making Abilities

Intellectual Merit Morality is a collection of cognitive devices that interferes with our selfish nature, enabling human cooperation [1.2.3.4.5]. Furthering understanding of the cognitive processes that are employed while making moral judgments informs us as to how morality works and provides important information about how the brain interacts with itself. As we come to better understand these processes, we will become better equipped to enhance them. Broader Impacts The purpose of research goes beyond knowing; what is learned through research must be imparted to those who may benefit from it. The ability to improve moral decision-making abilities can impact society in a way that no other research findings can; more lives can be saved, the quality of life, work, and relationships can be improved. Background The dual-process brain works through two distinct systems, an automatic, reflexive system that relies on instinct, and a slower, controlled system that enables us to direct our own thoughts. The ability to override the automatic system provides the valuable opportunity to choose utilitarian methods in decision-making [6]. Moral decisions tend starkly toward reactionary and, without direct intent, may be distinctly emotional decisions. Utilitarian methods may enable the decision-maker to reduce biases, potentially making a more sound decision [7]. Research has demonstrated that just one instance of training improved decision-making skills [8]. I propose thatShow MoreRelatedNursing : Regarding The Importance Of Patient Priority In Nursing963 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in Nursing: Regarding the Importance of Patient Priority Carlie Cupp Indiana University East Ethics in Nursing: Regarding the Importance of Patient Priority In order to create a morally and ethically sound practice and health care environment for every patient, the nurse’s decision-making role is vital and should be treated as such. The nurse’s professional morals and ethics should always be patient oriented to consistently assure the best decisions are being made to support eachRead MoreThe Ethics Of Leadership And How Ethics Produce Effective Leadership1224 Words   |  5 PagesI will examine the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders in organizations today. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These key points suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership. With so manyRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics, Motivation, A nd A Role Model And Developing An Action Plan For An Organization1205 Words   |  5 Pages The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing an action plan for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. The personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership to the organization. With so many definitions of leadership, the question evolved from â€Å"what is the definition of leadership?† to â€Å"what is good leadership† (CiullaRead MoreVirtues, As Described By Aristotle, Are Qualities That980 Words   |  4 Pageslives, though some, especially those that are intellectually based, are ever important to those working within information technology based fields. These virtues may help guide what companies we choose to devote our skillset to, or perhaps what decisions we make when designing software. They may even guide our lifelong goals and aspirations within our field, and lack of attention to these values may hinder our, and the world’s progress. Aristotle’s form of ethics, known as virtue ethics, focus onRead MoreImpact Of Human Decisions On The Social Responsibility899 Words   |  4 PagesThis quote by J.W. Goethe focuses on the impact that human decisions have on their surrounding environments. Goethe’s view is that everyone, no matter their status in society, has the ability to make choices that determine their actions which inevitably affect other people either positively or negatively. This can be projected onto the social corporate responsibility context through the various decisions made by business personnel based on their ethical values which directly or indirectly affectRead MoreMorals, Ethics, And The Significance Of Law1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe kind of values we hold dear to our lives, likewise in which impact how individuals including myself figure out how to view morals, ethics, and the significance of law, just originates from how we precisely utilized know them from amid our youth and ad olescent years. As per Goodpaster (1983), individuals view morals as an area of request and control, in which matters of good and bad, great and insidiousness, ideals and bad habit, are deliberately analyzed. These matters as Goodpaster has notedRead MoreDeveloping An Alternative Punishment For Adolescents1345 Words   |  6 Pagesuses the knowledge and background of normative ethics. Solving practical moral based problems such as providing alternative treatment for adolescent’s with mental health then the importance of applied ethics will be intertwined and considered. Providing education and knowledge to all staff within the organization helps staff with moral decision making choices when confusion arise from staff. Political parties have the ability to exercise their power or authorities over adolescent inmates in manyRead MoreThe Growing Importance Of Ethical Business Managers942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Growing Importance of Ethical Business Managers Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw (2010) describe that the need for ethical business managers and practices has never been greater. Recent financial scandals have exposed issues in the management decision-making process, suggesting a need to develop the necessary analytical and empathetic qualities so future corporate leaders may be moral managers (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). This recent pattern of business misconduct (Michaelson, 2015) and single-mindedRead MoreExistentialism : A Very Short Introduction Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesselves be seen† (Brown). In the book Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction, Thomas Flynn writes about one of the leading philosophical movements in the twentieth century: existentialism. This theory emphasizes that each individual is entirely free, making them responsible and accountable for their actions or choices. With this idea, your choices are solely based on your own judgment, not anyone else’s. The book focuses on seven leading fig ures, Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin HeideggerRead MoreUtilitarian And Deontology Theories1640 Words   |  7 Pagespositions, and provides them white decision-making guidelines. Therefore, utilitarian and deontological ideological theories help guide law enforcement’s behavior and practices by making morally and ethical decisions, particularly when officers are being faced with ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas can occur when an officer does not have an apparent or appropriate solution to the situation being faced. Ortmeier and Meese (2010) stated that many of the unethical decisions made are actually contributed